Foetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most common causes of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Such investigations in resource limited settings would help to develop design strategies in preventing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Aim of the study: The present study was designed to determine the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancy-related hypertensive (PIH) disorder in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh.

Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Bangobandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of 6 months between July to December 2020. Singleton pregnant women with PIH (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia) admitted at BSMMU between 28 to 40 weeks of gestation were the study population.

Results: Over half (56%) of the pregnant women was 20-30 years old, 24% < 20 years and 20% 30 or 30 years old with mean age of the patients being 25 years. The predominent maternal complications were PPH (18%) followed by and thrombocytopenia (14%). The less common adverse complication was abruptio placentae (8%) and rare complications were HELLP syndrome (4%), liver infarction (4%) and cerebrovascular event (2%). Only one mother died of the complications. The common perinatal complications were LBW (38%) and asphyxia neonatorum (32%). The less common perinatal complications were IUGR (26%), preterm birth (18%) and admission to NICU (18%). One neonate was still- born and 3(6%) neonates died of complications; two of them asphyxiated and one was preterm very, low birth weight.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the predominant maternal complication encountered by the pregnant women with PIH is PPH followed by thrombocytopenia. The less common adverse complication is abruptio placentae and rare complications are HELLP syndrome, liver infarction and cerebrovascular events. The common adverse perinatal outcomes are LBW, asphyxia neonatorum and IUGR, while less common perinatal complications are preterm birth and NICU admission. While maternal mortality is rare, the neonatal mortality is higher than the targeted global and national SDG plan.

Keywords: Foetomaternal, Outcome, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.